作者 主题: 《老子》第十章  (阅读 6253 次)

水木罗汉

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《老子》第十章
« 于: 2011-12-24 21:52:19 »
  第十章
原文:载营魄抱一,能无离乎?专气致柔,能如婴儿乎?涤除玄鉴,能无疵乎?爱民治国,能无为乎?天门开阖,能无雌乎?明白四达,能无知乎?生之蓄之,生而不有,为而不恃,长而不宰,是谓玄德。
罗汉乱弹琴
-上一章老子讲人在位时不能贪,应当“功遂身退”,才是顺“天之道”,在这一章就讲人应如何顺天之道。
载营魄抱一,能无离乎?——如果一个人的血液循环和他的心魄保持和谐一致,他的精神形象能不光明吗?
专气致柔,能如婴儿乎——如果一个人的气息始终宁静不乱,他的心智能不象婴儿那样无邪吗?
以上两句,都是讲一个人若要保持不急功近利,首先得让自己的血液循环保持平静祥和的状态,象婴儿那样单纯无杂念。那么婴儿的常态是什么呢?饿了就吃,饱就不再要,困了就睡,有尿就拉,有痛就哭,,不痛就手舞足蹈。一切表现都是生命的自然。
涤除玄鉴,能无疵乎?爱民治国,能无为乎?——(我们)洗涤一把黑色的镜子,能洗涤得没有一点瑕疵吗?(我们)爱民治国,能做到没有一点过失,甚至不倒行逆施吗?
天门开阖,能无雌乎?明白四达,能无知乎——既然我们做不到毫无瑕疵地洞察一切、毫无过失地爱民治国,我们就更应该大开天眼审视事物,能不象坤卦说的那样顺从守静包容吗?(我们)眼观四路耳听八方后,还不会成为一个有智慧的人吗?
很明显我在这里有几处乱弹琴:
第一,   我把“离”讲成了“光明”。依据是“离为火、为明”,不是好些学者讲的“分离”,分离一说,是“离”字后期的引申意。
第二,   我把“无为”讲成不倒行逆施。因为我认定老子的“无为而无不为”是说“只要我们不倒行逆施,就什么都可以做”的意思。依据是“为”乃是常常逆风而行的四蹄动物。
第三,   我把“雌”讲成“坤”。坤卦土有顺从、包容、守静、任劳任怨等美德。我手持的这个版本的解释则是:“为雌,即守雌。直译是象母性生殖器那样保持安静柔弱”。
可以看出,我手里这个版本的作者,对易和老子懂易这一点,没有清醒的认知。
生之蓄之,生而不有,为而不恃,长而不宰,是谓玄德——生万物储蓄万物,生产万物而不占有,努力工作却不自恃有功,带领他们前进却不主宰他们的命运,这才是最好最大的成就或收获。
我把“德”字讲成“成就、收获”,是主张老子的“德”就是得。不是一般学者说的“德行”。
从上面几章大家已经看出老子,所写的《道德经》其实就是教大家应该采取什么样的途径和方法(道),得到你所应该得到的东西,或者是你所想要达到的人生目标(德)。道就是途径、手段、方法,德就是得其所应得——就是这么简单。
这里不妨解剖一下这个“德”字,是由双人旁和十目一心所组成。双人旁代表的是人与人之间,十目,自然又加了五个人,一心,既是五个人都看着一个心的显像,也是五个人都一致同意的表达。这就是说你要从他那里得到什么,他要从你这里得到什么,都必须是至少有五个人审视并且一致同意的。也就是常说的“君子求财,取之有道”的部分内容。所以,《辞源》对“德”字的第一解释就是“德者,得也”,说明把“德”理解为具有社会评价意义的“道德”的“德”是后起的意义。我们还是按最原始的意思去理解老子的思想吧。
Luohan comprehension:
In the last chapter we learn about how to quit at the top while  the perfect opportunity,and conform the natural law,in this chapter we will talk about how to follow the nature law.
载营魄抱一,能无离乎——When the intelligent and animal souls are held together in one embrace,they can be kept from separating.
专气致柔,能如婴儿乎——When one gives individed attention to the (vital)breath,and brings it to the utmost degree of pliancy,he can become as a(tender)babe.
Above two sentences,we understand that if a man put the heart in calmness and keep the mind in peace and become as a tender babe,then he will not eager for a quick success. What is the initial condition of a first born like?When hungry,eat;when tired,sleep;wanna pee,cry with pain and dance for joy,show its actual,lively and natural life.
涤除玄鉴,能无疵乎?爱民治国,能无为乎——When he has cleansed away the most mysterious sights(of his imagination),he can become without a flaw.
天门开阖,能无雌乎?明白四达,能无知乎——In loving the people and ruling the state,cannot be proceed without any (purpose of)action?While his intelligence reaches in every direction,cannot he(appear to)be without knowledge?
In here,apparently,interpret the chapter in my own way.
First,the meaning of“离”is“光明”(bright). That's based on“离为火,为明”(离is fire and bright). Not the meaning“分离”(separated). “分离”is the extended sense.
Second,“无为”means we should just follow the natural laws. The sentence“无为而无不为”of Lao-Tzu means“you could do anything if it isn't perverse.”That 's according to the word“为”is the four-legged animals which proceed in the face of headwinds.
Third,“雌”means“坤”. The Kun Diagram(坤卦)means obedience,tolerant,calm ,grin and bear. And the edition in my hand explained by“the female and cleaves to what is female,literally explained by the female genitals that is quiet and delicate ” .
We could see that the author of this version in my hand fails to recognize I Ching.
生之蓄之,生而不有,为而不恃,长而不宰,是谓玄德——(The Tao)produces(all things)and nourishes them;it produces them and does not claim them as its own;it does all,and yet does not boast of it;it presides over all,and yet does not control them. This is what is called‘The Mysterious Quality’(of the Tao).
“德”to be interpreted as“achievement and harvest”,is the proposition of Lao-Tzu which“德”is “得”. Not the virture in common sense.
From the early chapters we can see the《道德经》which wrote by Lao-Tzu taught us the way to get what you want or the purpose in life. That’s all —— “道”is the way and“德”is to get.
We can dismantles the word“德”separates by “双人旁”and“十目一心”. “双人旁”means between people,“十目”increase five people,“一心”means the five people are of one mind,they all agree on. That is,if you want to get from others or he want get from you,that will be permissioned by the other five people. That is to say“A gentleman makes money in a right way”. So the first interpretion of“德”in《楚辞》is“德者,得也”(to get),and the second interpretion of“德”is the social appraisal,we will follow the first meaning to understand it.

                         2011年12月24日星期六于富力湾

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